在本文中，我们研究了在非全粒图上进行节点表示学习的自我监督学习的问题。现有的自我监督学习方法通​​常假定该图是同质的，其中链接的节点通常属于同一类或具有相似的特征。但是，这种同质性的假设在现实图表中并不总是正确的。我们通过为图神经网络开发脱钩的自我监督学习（DSSL）框架来解决这个问题。 DSSL模仿了节点的生成过程和语义结构的潜在变量建模的链接，该过程将不同邻域之间的不同基础语义解散到自我监督的节点学习过程中。我们的DSSL框架对编码器不可知，不需要预制的增强，因此对不同的图表灵活。为了通过潜在变量有效地优化框架，我们得出了自我监督目标的较低范围的证据，并开发了具有变异推理的可扩展培训算法。我们提供理论分析，以证明DSSL享有更好的下游性能。与竞争性的自我监督学习基线相比，对各种类图基准的广泛实验表明，我们提出的框架可以显着取得更好的性能。

这项工作研究了针对推荐系统的有偏见反馈中学习无偏算法的问题。我们从理论和算法的角度解决了这个问题。无偏学习的最新著作通过各种技术（例如元学习，知识蒸馏和信息瓶颈）推进了最新技术。尽管取得了经验成功，但大多数人缺乏理论保证，在理论和最近的算法之间形成了不可忽略的差距。为此，我们首先从分配转移的角度查看无偏见的推荐问题。我们理论上分析了公正学习的概括界限，并提出了它们与最近无偏学习目标的密切关系。基于理论分析，我们进一步提出了一个原则性的框架，对抗性自我训练（AST），以无偏见。对现实世界和半合成数据集的经验评估证明了拟议的AST的有效性。

无监督的人重新识别是计算机视觉中的一项具有挑战性且有前途的任务。如今，无监督的人重新识别方法通过使用伪标签培训取得了巨大进步。但是，如何以无监督的方式进行纯化的特征和标签噪声的显式研究。为了净化功能，我们考虑了来自不同本地视图的两种其他功能，以丰富功能表示。所提出的多视图功能仔细地集成到我们的群体对比度学习中，以利用全球功能容易忽略和偏见的更具歧视性线索。为了净化标签噪声，我们建议在离线方案中利用教师模型的知识。具体来说，我们首先从嘈杂的伪标签培训教师模型，然后使用教师模型指导我们的学生模型的学习。在我们的环境中，学生模型可以在教师模型的监督下快速融合，因此，随着教师模型的影响很大，嘈杂标签的干扰。在仔细处理功能学习中的噪音和偏见之后，我们的纯化模块被证明对无监督的人的重新识别非常有效。对三个受欢迎人重新识别数据集进行的广泛实验证明了我们方法的优势。尤其是，我们的方法在具有挑战性的Market-1501基准中，在完全无监督的环境下，在具有挑战性的Market-1501基准中实现了最先进的精度85.8 \％@map和94.5 \％ @rank-1。代码将发布。

决策模块使自动车辆能够在复杂的城市环境中达到适当的演习，尤其是交叉路口情况。这项工作提出了一种深度加强学习（DRL）基于无罪的自动车辆的无罪化交叉口的左转决策框架。所研究的自动化车辆的目的是在四向无信号化交叉路口中进行高效和安全的左转操纵。已漏洞的DRL方法包括深Q学习（DQL）和双DQL。仿真结果表明，所提出的决策策略可以有效地降低碰撞率并提高运输效率。这项工作还揭示了构造的左转控制结构具有实时应用的巨大潜力。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

An increasing number of public datasets have shown a marked clinical impact on assessing anatomical structures. However, each of the datasets is small, partially labeled, and rarely investigates severe tumor subjects. Moreover, current models are limited to segmenting specific organs/tumors, which can not be extended to novel domains and classes. To tackle these limitations, we introduce embedding learned from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) to segmentation models, dubbed the CLIP-Driven Universal Model. The Universal Model can better segment 25 organs and 6 types of tumors by exploiting the semantic relationship between abdominal structures. The model is developed from an assembly of 14 datasets with 3,410 CT scans and evaluated on 6,162 external CT scans from 3 datasets. We rank first on the public leaderboard of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and achieve the state-of-the-art results on Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV). Compared with dataset-specific models, the Universal Model is computationally more efficient (6x faster), generalizes better to CT scans from varying sites, and shows stronger transfer learning performance on novel tasks. The design of CLIP embedding enables the Universal Model to be easily extended to new classes without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned classes.

In this work, we tackle two vital tasks in automated driving systems, i.e., driver intent prediction and risk object identification from egocentric images. Mainly, we investigate the question: what would be good road scene-level representations for these two tasks? We contend that a scene-level representation must capture higher-level semantic and geometric representations of traffic scenes around ego-vehicle while performing actions to their destinations. To this end, we introduce the representation of semantic regions, which are areas where ego-vehicles visit while taking an afforded action (e.g., left-turn at 4-way intersections). We propose to learn scene-level representations via a novel semantic region prediction task and an automatic semantic region labeling algorithm. Extensive evaluations are conducted on the HDD and nuScenes datasets, and the learned representations lead to state-of-the-art performance for driver intention prediction and risk object identification.

We propose Hierarchical ProtoPNet: an interpretable network that explains its reasoning process by considering the hierarchical relationship between classes. Different from previous methods that explain their reasoning process by dissecting the input image and finding the prototypical parts responsible for the classification, we propose to explain the reasoning process for video action classification by dissecting the input video frames on multiple levels of the class hierarchy. The explanations leverage the hierarchy to deal with uncertainty, akin to human reasoning: When we observe water and human activity, but no definitive action it can be recognized as the water sports parent class. Only after observing a person swimming can we definitively refine it to the swimming action. Experiments on ActivityNet and UCF-101 show performance improvements while providing multi-level explanations.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .